[Source: Library of Congress, December, 2006 **]. Isle of North Uist Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia and the ninth largest in the world. 1 percent; 1939: 2.640,000; 38. var alS = 1021 % 1000; Languages: Kazakh (official, Qazaq) 64.4 percent, Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication") 95 percent (2001 est.). The US Census Bureau International Database lists the current population of Kazakhstan as 15,460,484, while United Nations sources such as the UN Population Division give an estimate of 15,753,460. *, The other major source of in-migration has been non-Kazakhs arriving from other parts of Central Asia to avoid inhospitable conditions; most of these people also have settled in northern Kazakhstan. Non-Muslim ethnic minorities departed Kazakhstan in large numbers from the mid-1990s through the mid-2000s and a national program has repatriated about a million ethnic Kazakhs back to Kazakhstan. In 1994 eight of the country's eleven provinces had Slavic (Russian and Ukrainian) population majorities. Over one hundred different nationalities reside in the country. It also has vast mineral resources. Temperatures fluctuate widely, with great variations between subregions. Given its large land area, its population density is among the lowest, at less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq. There are 16.2 million inhabitants in Kazakhstan today (fiftieth place in the world): 63,6% of the population are ethnic Kazakhs, and 23,3% - Russians. ), country comparison to the world: 72. While Kazakhstan was not considered by authorities in the former Soviet Union to be a part of Central Asia, it does have physical and cultural geographic characteristics similar to those of the other Central Asian countries. lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId + '-asloaded'), { attributes: true }); Although figures conflict, it seems likely that as many as 750,000 non-Kazakhs left the republic between independence and the end of 1995. Death rate: 8.21 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est. [Source: CIA World Factbook =], Because the annual growth rate has been negligible in the early 2000s, population growth is a critical issue for policy makers. Kazakhstan's government has actively encouraged the return of Kazakhs from elsewhere in the former Soviet Union and from China and Mongolia. Text Sources: New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Times of London, Lonely Planet Guides, Library of Congress, U.S. government, Comptons Encyclopedia, The Guardian, National Geographic, Smithsonian magazine, The New Yorker, Time, Newsweek, Reuters, AP, AFP, Wall Street Journal, The Atlantic Monthly, The Economist, Foreign Policy, Wikipedia, BBC, CNN, and various books, websites and other publications. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Kazakhstan also wraps around the entire northern half of the shrinking Aral Sea, which underwent terrible decline during the second half of the 20th century: as freshwater inflow was diverted for agriculture, the salinity of the sea increased sharply, and the receding shores became the source of salty dust and polluted deposits that ruined the surrounding lands for animal, plant, or human use. St. Andrews Because these "Mongol Kazakhs" generally do not know Russian and continue to pursue traditional nomadic lifestyles, the impact of their resettlement has been disproportionate to their actual numbers. Kazakhs represent the transitive racial group between European and Mongolian South-Siberian peoples. Isle of Benbecula As of January 1, 2004, the Republic consists of 14 regions, 86 towns (including 2 cities of national importance), 160 districts, 186 settlements, and 7,719 villages; the largest city of the country is Almaty, with a population over 1.5 million. They practice ground burials and celebrate Muslim holidays. These include are some Kurds, most of whom were exiled there in World War II; Cossacks, who are leaders in the movement to have Kazakhstan returned to Russia; and Torgut Mongols, who traditionally were nomads who herded sheep, some horses, cattle and camels in rich pastures in eastern Kazakhstan. Can you name the country that boasts having the 10 coldest cities? =, Between 1989 and 1999, 1.5 million Russians and 500,000 Germans (more than half the German population) left Kazakhstan, causing concern over the loss of technical expertise provided by those groups. Kazakhs and Kyrgyz are close relatives. Cape Verde Accommodation Inter-tribal marriages were important in establishing security and peace. Human Rights Watch says that Kazakhstan heavily restricts freedom of assembly, speech, and religion,and other human rights organisations regularly describe Kazakhstans human rights situation as poor. ins.id = slotId + '-asloaded'; There is an Assembly of People representing various minorities. window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId, 'stat_source_id', 44); Astana It is bounded on the northwest and north by Russia, on the east by China, and on the south by Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, the Aral Sea, and Turkmenistan; the Caspian Sea bounds Kazakhstan to the southwest. As an upper-middle income country, Kazakhstan no longer receives bilateral allocations from the Development and Cooperation Instrument (DCI). Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Kazakhs are the most Russified of all the groups in Central Asia. Unlike other ethnic groups, ethnic Kazakhs are granted automatic citizenship. The major exceptions are the great Irtysh, Ishim (Esil), and Tobol rivers, which run northwest from the highlands in the southeast and, crossing Russia, ultimately drain into Arctic waters. } Depressions filled by salt lakes whose water has largely evaporated dot the undulating uplands of central Kazakhstan. In linguistic respects, Kazakhs belong to the Kipchak group of Turkic languages. Many Germans returned to Germany. Such births were slightly more common in cities (12.72 percent) than in rural areas (9.67 percent), suggesting that such births may be more common among Russians than among Kazakhs. Learn the answers to these questions and more in this quiz that will test your knowledge of countries around the globe. This Khanate was made up of three powerful entities called zhuz (orda in Russian, or horde): the Old (or Great) Zhuz in southern Kazakhstan, the Middle Zhuz in central and northeast Kazakhstan; and the Young (or Lesser) Zhuz in western Kazakhstan. Although few Kazakhs are nomads anymore they still regard themselves as nomads at heart. [Source: Anatoly M. Khazanov, University of Wisconsin, August 2, 1994 ^|^], The Kazakh Population in Kazakhstan (year, numbers, percentage of total population): 1830: 1,300,000; 96.4 percent; 1850: 1,502,000; 91.1 percent; 1860: 1,644,000; 1870: 2,417,000; 1897: 3,000,000; 79.8 percent; 1926: 3,713; 57. [Source: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2014: Kazakhstan, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State *], Of the 4.2 million women of childbearing age in the 1990s, an estimated 15 percent have borne seven or more children. *, Population growth rate: 1.14 percent (2015 est. Kumekov, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2010 |], The first major Kazakh leader was Khan Kasym (r. 1511-23), who united the Kazakh tribes into one people. Its first and, to date (2016), only President is Nursultan Nazarbayev. In the west the major stream, the Ural (Kazakh: Zhayyq) River, flows into the Caspian Sea. The Russification program was successful. Almaty Kazakhstan kazakhstan almaty demographics ethnic Arranged marriages are still the norm in many parts of the country. Fishermen take sturgeon, herring, and roach from the Caspian Sea. Although in recent years a large number of legal and illegal immigrant workers have come to Kazakhstan from Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, in 2006 the estimated net migration rate was 3.33 individuals per 1,000 population. It should be noted that these hospitable lands became a secure place for hundreds of thousands of individuals of various nationalities and religions. Ethnic Groups in 1994: Kazakhs 45 percent; Russians 36 percent; Ukrainians 5 percent; Germans 4 percent; Tatars and Uzbeks 2 percent each. kazakhstan hunting consortium asia There has traditionally been a lot of intermarriage between the ethnic groups of Central Asia. Mozambique. Crieff The population of Kazakhstan declined from around 18 million in the mid 1990s to around 15 million in the early 2000s. Only in 1926 when the Kazakhs gained national autonomy did the Kazakhs regain the use of their traditional name. passport kazakhstan passports [Source: Library of Congress, March 1996 *], To some extent, the outflow has been offset by in-migration, which has been of two types. During their reign Turkestan was involved in the Khans fight for power over the East Desht-in Kipchak. In 1989, there were 8,136,000 Kazakhs in the Soviet Union, with 6,535,000 in Kazakhstan an large numbers in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Most Kazakhs are Muslims. Over the longer term, the role of Russians in the society of Kazakhstan also is determined by a demographic factor the average age of the Russian population is higher, and its birth rate much lower. The vast stretches of arable land in the northern plains are the most intensely cultivated and productive. The Peoples' Assembly of Kazakhstan was established in order to coordinate the work carried out by the republic-wide, regional, national and cultural centers. Isle of Barra Expatriated Kazakhs have been invited to return home and settle. Edinburgh Of Kazakhstan's current Russian residents, 38 percent were born outside the republic, while most of the rest are second-generation Kazakhstani citizens. Net migration rate: 0.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est. One size does not fit all, especially when it comes to website design and digital marketing. In 1994, the population was estimated to be 17,268,000. Because of declining life expectancy and decreases in the size of the Russian population, which is demographically older and has a low birth rate, the republic's residents are a relatively young group; in 1991 there were only 149 pensioners per 1,000 population, as opposed to 212 per 1,000 in the former Soviet Union as a whole. =, Sex ratio: at birth: 0.94 male(s)/female; 0-14 years: 0.99 male(s)/female; 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female; 25-54 years: 0.95 male(s)/female; 55-64 years: 0.78 male(s)/female; 65 years and over: 0.53 male(s)/female. Oban 8.2 percent was older than 64. This was primarily the result of migration of non-Kazakhs and Kazakhs alike from Kazakhstan, infant mortality and low life expectancy. We are glad to answer and assist, please send us your questions or queries. Between its most distant points, Kazakhstan measures about 1,820 miles (2,930 kilometres) east to west and 960 miles north to south. According to one expert estimate, the average per woman is five abortions. ins.dataset.adClient = pid; Corrections? To this day, Kazakhs say, "the matchmaking lasts a thousand years, while the son-in-law lasts only a hundred." Nearly 8 million Kazakhs live in Kazakhstan now. According to the 1999 census, 53.4 percent of inhabitants were Kazakh, 30 percent Russian, 3.7 percent Ukrainian, 2.5 percent Uzbek, 2.4 percent German, and 1.4 percent Uyghur. The EU supports Kazakhstans efforts towards intra-regional cooperation. Average January temperatures in northern and central regions range from 2 to 3 F (19 to 16 C); in the south, temperatures are milder, ranging from 23 to 29 F (5 to 1.4 C). Until the middle of the 16th century Kazakhs were under the control of the united Khanate (state). In 2006 Kazakhstans population was estimated at 15,233,244, of which about 52 percent was female. google_ad_slot = "1705427773"; Kazakhstans highest point, Mount Khan-Tengri (Han-teng-ko-li Peak) at 22,949 feet (6,995 metres), in the Tien Shan range on the border between Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and China, contrasts with the flat or rolling terrain of most of the republic. The Kazakhs subsequently separated into three new hordes: the Great Horde, which controlled Semirech'ye and southern Kazakhstan; the Middle Horde, which occupied north-central Kazakhstan; and the Lesser Horde, which occupied western Kazakhstan. EU-Kazakhstan relations have been governed by a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) since 1994. The After the decline of the Timurids in 15th century, while the Uzbeks were settling down on the land between the Syr-Darya and Amu-Darya, which more or less corresponds with modern Uzbekistan, the Kazakhs were living a nomadic life north of the Syr-Darya. Inverness Kazakhstan is officially a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. So let us know what you have in mind, and well get you a quote or answers asap. Most were moved to the northern provinces, where the majority of Kazakhstan's Russian population lives. [Source: Library of Congress, March 1996 *], The declining birth rate is another issue with the potential to become politicized because it affects the demographic "race" between Kazakhs and Russians. An Enhanced PCA (EPCA) ratified in 2016 will soon enter into force, bringing relations between the EU and Kazakhstan to a new level, with reinforced political dialogue in nearly thirty sectors. var container = document.getElementById(slotId); 7 percent; 1992: 7,297,000; 43.2 percent. To the Russians, most of whom live in northern Kazakhstan within a day's drive of Russia proper, Kazakhstan is an extension of the Siberian frontier and a product of Russian and Soviet development. Ethnic groups: Kazakh (Qazaq) 63.1 percent, Russian 23.7 percent, Uzbek 2.9 percent, Ukrainian 2.1 percent, Uighur 1.4 percent, Tatar 1.3 percent, German 1.1 percent, other 4.4 percent (2009 est.). Kazakhstan is the worlds largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100sqmi). These movements have continued in the early 2000s. This is because they were the first people to be brought under Russian rule and have maintained close contacts with Russians over a long period. In 1992 and 1993, the number of Russian emigrants was estimated at 100,000 to 300,000. Vast amounts of sand form the Greater Barsuki and Aral Karakum deserts near the Aral Sea, the broad Betpaqdala Desert of the interior, and the Muyunkum and Kyzylkum deserts in the south. However, the country benefits from regional and thematic programmes promoting regional cooperation, peace, stability and security in the region. Hobart Although officially forbidden and actively discouraged, this in-migration has continued. Since claiming independence the Central Asia nations have revived a language long and culture suppressed by the Soviet Union. The years since 1991 have provided opportunities for greater cultural expression, but striking a balance between the Kazakh and Russian languages has posed a political dilemma for Kazakhstan's policy makers. Kazakhstan,officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in northern Central Asiaand Eastern Europe. India ins.className = 'adsbygoogle ezasloaded'; By the 16th century, the Kazakh emerged as a distinct group, divided into three jz (ancestor branches occupying specific territories). In 1936, it was made the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union. These trends have allowed Kazakhs to become the titular majority again. ins.style.width = '100%'; The Altai mountain complex to the east sends three ridges into the republic, and, farther south, the Tarbagatay Range is an offshoot of the Naryn-Kolbin complex. Kazakhs are the direct heirs of the nomadic cultural civilization of the European and Asian subcontinent, which has played a big role in the history of mankind. Birth rate: 19.15 births/1,000 population (2015 est. Such a situation can be explained on one side by the emigration of millions abroad and on the other by the stable decline of the absolute and relative rate of the natural growth of residents. They have traditionally practiced bonfire weddings. window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId, 'adsensetype', 1); Callander and the Trossachs In the late 1970s Soviet authorities developed extensive plans to tap the Irtysh River for use in irrigating the arid expanses of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, but the scheme was killed in 1986 because of the large investment required and concern for the projects possible adverse ecological consequences. Alexandre Bennigsen wrote in 1979 that sub-national and supra-national loyalties remain strong in Central Asia and actively compete with national ones; however, his thesis that this supra-national identity ought to be based on anti-Russian pan-Turkestanism with the Uzbeks as its directing element is difficult to accept, at least as far as Tajikistan is involved. [Source: Tajikistan by Kirill Nourzhanov and Christian Bleuer, Australia National University, 2013 ], See Separate Article PEOPLE OF CENTRAL ASIA factsanddetails.com. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit. Please select which sections you would like to print: Alternate titles: Kazakstan, Qazaqstan Respublikas, Republic of Kazakhstan. In the sixteenth century, when the Nogai Horde and Siberian khanates broke up, clans from each jurisdiction joined the Kazakhs. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. An increase in the total population has occurred due to the steady increase in birth rates, as well as the return of Kazakhs to their historic fatherland. However, the EU continues to support the development of Kazakhstan as a secular democratic state, and provides support via regional and thematic programmes. The infant mortality rate was 28.3 deaths per 1,000 live births. Kazakhstan also suffers from the disastrous depletion and the contamination (by pesticides and chemical fertilizers) of the Syr Darya flow, on which the republic depends greatly for crop irrigation. Political system var asau = '8972858615'; The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic tribes. Official figures indicate that in the first half of 1994 some 220,400 people left, compared with 149,800 in the same period of 1993. Other large bodies of water, all in the eastern half of the country, include Lakes Balkhash, Zaysan, Alakl, Tengiz, and Seletytengiz (Siletiteniz). To most Kazakhs, these Russians are usurpers. : (+998 71) 200-96-00 Russians began expand into their territories in the 1700s while the other groups in Central Asia remained isolated. Today, many of them recall with gratitude the warmth and comfort offered to them by the natives who shared their last piece of bread in the harsh years of the repressions. ), country comparison to the world: 89. //-->, Copyright Explore Kazakhstan 2017 var cid = '6349265056'; To avoid confusion between Kazakhs and Kyrgyz until the 20th century Russians called Kazakhs Kyrgyz and Kyrgyz were called Black Kyrgyz. Women and men received equal treatment for sexually transmitted infections. Inverness Various periods in the country's history have affected the existing demographic situation: the ethnic composition consists of Kazakhs, Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, Koreans, Poles, Greeks, Tatars, Turks and many other nationalities. Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and Kazakhstan, 17th Cooperation Committee meeting between the European Union and Kazakhstan, Multiannual Indicative Programme 2021-2027 for Kazakhstan annex, Multiannual action plan 2022-2023 for Kazakhstan, Annual action programme in favour of Central Asia for 2018 part 2 and in favour of the Asia region for 2018 part 4 - Decision, Annual action programme in favour of Central Asia for 2018 part 2 and in favour of the Asia region for 2018 part 4 - Annex 1, Annual action programme in favour of Central Asia for 2018 part 2 and in favour of the Asia region for 2018 part 4 - Annex 2, Annual action programme in favour of Central Asia for 2018 part 2 and in favour of the Asia region for 2018 part 4 - Annex 3, Annual action programme in favour of Central Asia for 2018 part 2 and in favour of the Asia region for 2018 part 4 - Annex 4, Annual action programme in favour of Central Asia for 2018 part 2 and in favour of the Asia region for 2018 part 4 - Annex 5, Annual action programme in favour of Central Asia for 2018 part 2 and in favour of the Asia region for 2018 part 4 - Annex 6, This site is managed by the Directorate-General for International Partnerships, Follow the European Commission on social media. More than a million lived in other countries, mainly China, Mongolia and Turkey and in Europe. Fax: (+998 71) 230-96-55 moldova ukraine map russia neighbor fragile scenarios five dis integration where Following internal struggles among the conquerors, power eventually reverted to the nomads. The population density of Kazakhstan is among the lowest in the world, partly because the country includes large areas of inhospitable terrain. Kazakhs in Kazakhstan are the most Russified major group in Central Asia due their close contacts with Russians over a long period. The Kazakh population is predominantly rural and concentrated in the southern provinces, while the German and Russian populations are mainly urban and concentrated in the northern provinces. Citizenship is based on residency rather than birth or ethnicity. ins.style.minWidth = container.attributes.ezaw.value + 'px'; Population: 18,157,122 (July 2015 est. Many Russians returned to Russia. *. Age structure: 0-14 years: 25.41 percent (male 2,294,513/female 2,319,233); 15-24 years: 15.33 percent (male 1,417,344/female 1,366,655); 25-54 years: 42.59 percent (male 3,768,418/female 3,965,188); 55-64 years: 9.49 percent (male 753,011/female 970,569); 65 years and over: 7.17 percent (male 448,857/female 853,334) (2015 est.). Before the Russian colonisation, the Kazakhs had a highly developed culture based on their nomadic pastoral economy. The region of Southern Kazakhstan is the most densely populated area of the country, with 18 individuals per square kilometer. The total coefficient of the birth rate for the period of 1988-1995 declined from 25.5 to 17 on the basis of 1000 persons, and the coefficient of the death rate grew from 7.5 to 10. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Each zhuz was ruled by a khan and comprised of a number of tribes, which in turn were made up of clans. Such out-migration was not uniform. Tatars and Uzbeks each represented about 2 percent of the population; Azerbaijanis, Uygurs, and Belarusians each represented 1 percent; and the remaining 4 percent included approximately ninety other nationalities. The majority of Russians migrated to Kazakhstan from the end of the last century from Central Russia and the Volga region. During memorial services Kazakhs recite Muslim prayers and feast on lamb and horse. Population density in Kazakhstan is 5.5 individuals per square kilometer. total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2015 est.). The torrent of the Irtysh River pours some 988 billion cubic feet (28 billion cubic metres) of water annually into the vast West Siberian catchment area. We'll send you a reminder. Uzbeks and Tajiks have traditionally been difficult to distinguish from one another. karakalpak qaraqalpaq [Source: Max Fisher, Washington Post, February 7, 2014 |:|]. The government ensures equality and development of the various national cultures. Currently the northern part of the country is populated mostly by Russians and Ukrainians while Kazakhs are more prevalent in the south. The current President, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has been leader of the country since then, and is characterised as authoritarian, with a government history of human rights abuses and suppression of political opposition. [Source: kwintessential.co.uk]. One way we do this is by helping veterans and others receive service dogs through. Stirling Pitlochry Some 56 percent of the population lives in urban areas, and the population is heavily concentrated in the northeast and southeast. Kazakh is an old Turkic words that means "free man" or secessionist. The same Turkic word is believed to be the root of the word Cossack, another group of people associated with the steppe.